Criterios de Análisis para la Resiliencia Regional en Áreas Afectadas por Desastres
| Autor | Giovanni Herrera-Enríquez, José Albuja-Salazar, Eddy Castillo-Montesdeoca |
| Cargo | Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas - ESPE/Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas - ESPE/Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas - ESPE |
| Páginas | 77-84 |
ANALYSIS CRITERIA FOR REGIONAL RESILIENCE IN AREAS AFFECTED BY
DISASTERS
CRITERIOS DE ANÁLISIS PARA LA RESILIENCIA REGIONAL EN ÁREAS
AFECTADAS POR DESASTRES
Giovanni Herrera Enríquez
Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE
gpherrera@espe.edu.ec
José Albuja Salazar
Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE
jnalbuja@espe.edu.ec
Eddy Castillo Montesdeoca
Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas-ESPE
eacastillo@espe.edu.ec
Resumen— El obje tivo principal de esta investigación es definir la resiliencia dentro de los parámetros de los Sistemas
Adaptativos Complejos y comprender su dinámica dentro del modelo heurístico de panarquía para evaluar las características de
los sistemas regionales que podrían verse afectados por los desastres naturales. Los métodos analíticos y las variables
identificadas son sistematizados y evaluados considerando la realidad de los territorios ubicados en países en desarrollo donde la
información es deficiente o inexistente. La resiliencia es considerada multidimensional, de manera que se pueden identificar ocho
dimensiones de análisis. Se propone 56 criterios de estudio que fueron obtenidos de diversos casos y opiniones de expertos de
Ecuador y Chile.
Palabras Claves— Complejidad económica; Sistemas Adaptativos Complejos, desastres naturales, resiliencia regional.
Abstract— The main objective of this research is to define resilience within the parameters of Complex Adaptive Systems and
to understand its dynamics within heuristic model of panarchy to evaluate the characteristics of the regional systems that could be
affected by natural disasters. The analytical methods and variables identified are systemized and evaluated considering the r eality
of the territories located in developing countries where information is deficient or non-existent. Resilience is considered
multidimensional, so that eight dimensions of analysis can be identified. We propose 56 study criteria that were obtained fro m
various cases and opinions of experts from Ecuador and Chile.
Keywords— Economic complexity; complex adaptive systems, natural disasters, regional resilience
INTRODUCCIÓN
Many researcher [1]; [2]; [3] argue that the study of resilience has incorporated an important element for the
decision-making process in the management of natural disasters. The physics is considered the basis of the concept;
however, the main focus is humanity, from the point of view of psychology. [4] defines resilience as ―a reduction of
vulnerability of environmental risk experiences, stress and adversity overcome‖.
An important element is the recognition of inevitability predictability of ―surprises‖ in the system with various
unpredictable results such as the ecosystems capacity of self-organization within the unstable environment
strengthening its structure and therefore its adaptability [5]; [6] always as long as provided that the magnitude of the
disturbance is within the limits of the resilience in the system [7].
Within this context, the natural disasters are considered to have artificiality affectedness, in the majority of cases,
randomly on social, ecological and economic systems. Moreover, the disturbance could result in three possible
outcomes [8]: i) resilient reintegration, ii) homeostatic reintegration, iii) dysfunctional change and reintegration. In
the first case adaptative change is produced which leads to the positive evolution of the affected region. In the
second case, in turn, the adaptative change is present, but it is not always positive for the region, while in the third
given situation, the adaptative change is not produced and the negative consequences of the event of adverse
phenomenon continue or get worse.
PANARCHY AND SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Before of the necessity to understand the adaptative change and the complexity of the relations between ecological,
economic and organizational systems, the term of Panarchy should be considered. The main objective of Panarchy is
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