Variables Determinantes de la Gestión Logística en la Micro y Pequeña Empresa
| Autor | Libys Martha Zúñiga-Igarza, Reyner Pérez-Campdesuñer, Margarita De Miguel-Guzmán, Mirian Paulina Molina-Molina |
| Cargo | Profesora titular en la Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Holguín. Holguín, Cuba/Director de Investigación y profesor principal de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas. Universidad UTE. Quito, Ecuador/Profesora titutar del departamento de Administración, del Instituto Superior Tecnológico Atlantic. Santo Domingo, Ecuador/Profesora... |
| Páginas | 1-20 |
Copyright © The Author(s) - 2022
ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN
ISSN-e: 2602-8050
Recibido (Received): 2022/03/10
Aceptado (Accepted): 2022/04/15
Publicado (Published): 2022/06/01
https:/doi.org/10.29019/eyn.v13i1.1039
Economía y Negocios, 2022, 13(01), 1-20.
http://revistas.ute.edu.ec/index.php/economia-y-negocios
Determinant Variables of Logistic Management
in Micro and Small Enterprises
Variables Determinantes de la Gestión Logística
en las Micro y Pequeñas Empresas
Libys Martha ZÚÑIGA-IGARZA1 , Reyner PÉREZ CAMPDESUÑER2 ,
Margarita de MIGUEL-GUZMÁN3 y Mirian Paulina MOLINA-MOLINA3
1. Universidad de Holguín, Facultad de Ingeniería. Holguín, Cuba.
2. Universidad UTE, Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas. Quito, Ecuador
3. Instituto Superior Tecnológico ATLANTIC. Santo Domingo, Ecuador.
Email: lmzi@uho.edu.cu; reyner.perez@ute.edu.ec; maguyaefdpdm@gmail.com; paulina.molina@atrantic.edu.ec
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar las diferencias y similitudes que pueden existir entre las
variables asociadas a la gestión logística de las organizaciones empresariales en función de su tamaño. Para ello,
se realizó una comparación entre 992 empresas del Ecuador en la que se representaron cuatro tipos de empresas:
micro, pequeña, mediana y grande, en proporción a la estructura que presenta la composición de las empresas
del país. Los resultados mostraron, mediante la aplicación de una prueba de hipótesis para verificar la igualdad de
medias, la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los niveles de análisis en variables asociadas a
funciones administrativas, procesos de abastecimiento, almacenamiento, producción, distribución y logística inver-
sa. Se demostró que el grado de desarrollo de la actividad logística es muy limitado en las micro y pequeñas em-
presas, por lo tanto, el cuerpo de conocimientos e instrumentos metodológicos disponibles para la administración
de empresas debe adaptarse con cautela al aplicarlos en el contexto de organizaciones pequeñas.
Palabras Clave
Gestión logística; Micro y pequeñas empresas; Medianas y grandes empresas.
Abstract
The present research aims to identify the dierences and similarities that may exist between the variables associ-
ated with the logistics management of business organizations based on their size. For this, a comparison was made
between 992 companies in Ecuador, where four types of companies were represented: micro, small, medium and
large, in proportion to the structure that the composition of the country’s companies presents. The results showed,
by applying a hypothesis test to verify the equality of means, the existence of statistically significant dierences in
the levels of analysis in variables associated with administrative functions, supply processes, storage, production,
distribution and reverse logistics. It was shown that the degree of development of logistics activity is very limited in
micro and small companies. Therefore, the body of knowledge and methodological instruments available for busi-
ness administration must be adapted with caution when applying them in the context of small organizations.
Keywords
Logistics management; Micro and small enterprises; Medium and large enterprises.
Códigos de clasificación JEL: D24, M11, L23, L26.
2
DETERMINANT VARIABLES OF LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT IN MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES
Economía y Negocios UTE, 2022, 13(01), 1-20.
Introduction
Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises
(MSMEs) represent a significant percenta-
ge of the total number of companies in the
vast majority of countries (Krishman, 2016).
According to the report of the Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development
OECD (2015), more than 99 % of the compa-
nies of the countries that make up the orga-
nization and the G20 are MSMEs. Similarly,
in the Asia-Pacific region between 30 % and
50 % of employment comes from this sector.
In the European Union, about 66 % of jobs are
provided by MSMEs, while in the US around
99 % of commercial companies are MSMEs
and provide 52 % of total employment.
The parameters for classification in
MSMEs vary from one country to another in
their magnitude and classification criteria.
In the US they can reach up to 500 workers,
while in Europe up to 250. In Ecuador two
criteria are used: number of workers, where
up to 49 employees are assumed, and the
volume of sales they generate, which can be
confusing since one can be fulfilled and the
other cannot.
Despite how significant MSMEs are,
Barret (2006) cited Tansky and Heneman
(2003): “Small and medium-sized compa-
nies have been treated as second-class
citizens by authors in the literature on ma-
nagement of human resources for too long
(…)” (p. 299), and although this situation has
improved, since every day it deepens and
contributes a little more about this object
of study, it can be argued that it is still in-
sufficient. Not everyone recognizes that the
tools and methods designed for large com-
panies do not work in the same way in the
conditions of MSMEs, which by their nature
are different.
According to Gélinas and Bigras (2004),
the distinctive particularities of MSMEs logis-
tics have been analyzed since the 1970’s,
when Love and Gilmour (1976) published one
of the first works to consider logistics as
applied to SMEs (Logistics Review for Small
Business). However, these differences were
not accepted or recognized by the scientific
community in general (Murphy et al.,1999).
This research aims to characterize to
what extent the logistics management prac-
tices of MSMEs in Ecuador differ or resemble
the practices of this discipline in medium
and large enterprises.
Literature Review
The publications related to logistics mana-
gement in general, indexed in the Scopus
database, show a trend of increasing growth
per year, as can be seen in Figure 1. From 1991
to 2019, if all articles are searched oriented
to logistics management, and that are con-
sidered specific to administrative sciences,
a total of 9 843 publications are reported.
However, of this total, only 614 are oriented
to the context of MSMEs, which represents
6.3 % and is insignificant if one considers
that MSMEs, on average, are close to 90 %
of the total number of companies.
In general, logistics management is
the object of research in all latitudes, regard-
less of the socio-economic context whe-
re the company is located. Investigations
are reported in the different continents:
Asia (Zulkiffli et al., 2019), Africa (Kikawa et
al., 2019), Europe (Dincă et al., 2019), Latin
America (Salas Navarro et al., 2019), North
America (Dallasega et al., 2019) and Oceania
(Divisekera and Nguyen, 2018). Similarly, the
sectors in which research associated with
logistics are reported are varied: manufac-
turing (Piyathanavong et al., 2019), crafts
(Mukhopadhyay and Maulik, 2019), food (Ari-
feen, 2019), construction (Kazancoglu et al.,
2018) and services (Chowdhury et al., 2017).
All of which shows the relevance of the sub-
ject at a global level.
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